Thursday, November 28, 2019

Speech on Corruption free essay sample

My speech today will address the topiccorruption and especially political corruption. Everything in this era revolves around the decisionsmade by powerful people in society, particularly governmental people and politicians and many of them resort to misuse power for personal gains such as money, luxuries or even more power. Thismeans that corruption could make you gain a lot but it also means that you deprive certain people of a lot. This is why in certain countries, we see a gap that is widening between the poor and the richand certain economies are falling, as in the united states economy. Corruption only leads to thedestruction of a persons morals and ethics and would increase peoples hatred towards that person. Asignificant example on political corruption is when our countries in the middle east- throughcorrupted people- facilitated the way for the occupational troops to invade Iraq and when theyignored the cries for help by Palestinians in Gaza and other cities. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on Corruption or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is time for people to start paying attention to these issues and understand that we must fight corruption to end these miserableissues upon our people. It is therefore that corrupted people must suffer the consequences incurred by their actions and should be punished according to the Islamic system. But what if the peoplewithin the system are also corrupted? Then I believe that change comes from within us if we arewilling to step up to these people and by taking initiatives, sacrifices and perhaps try to influence people and future generations to put pressure in the face of corruption. One of the ways of applying pressure and drawing attention to this case was shown by a reporter a few days ago who threw a pair of shoes at the united states president. Although I liked the idea but other methods such asdemonstrations are proved to be effective methods and as Ive stated earlier, its all about takingsacrifices and initiatives towards these methods, that we can eliminate corruption.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Natives

Native American religion penetrated every aspect of their culture. This makes it difficult for a predominantly white, European, secular society to interpret Native Indian spirituality. There is no single Native American religion, but rather as many religions as there are Indian peoples. Religion and ritual were a function of all activity: from the food quest and other survival-related work to technology, social and political organization, warfare and art. Religion and magic were fused with practical science; for example, prayer was used in conjunction with hunting and fishing techniques, and incantations accompanied effective herbal remedies in the curing of disease. I would like to elucidate on Native American views in relation to their religion. As stated by Lester Kurtz, â€Å"In a structurally differentiated society, every institution is given a specialized task; the task of religious institutions is to tend to spiritual and ethical issues† (167). Religion played a promine nt role in the interpretation of the universe for the American Indians. It facilitated in the adaptation of human activity to the patters of nature. Indians were traditionally a holistic and reverent people, viewing themselves as extensions of animate and inanimate natural objects.. In addition to this holism, other generalizations can be made in regard to Indian religion. Part of the special intimate relationship with nature involved a sense of kinship with the natural world and the attribution of innate souls and human properties to plants, animals, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. Indian religion generally also involved the belief that the universe is suffused with preternatural forces and powerful spirits. From what tribal populations already know, historians can conclude there are common characteristics that seem to be shared by all of the Native Americans. Although there are many points of contrast, the beliefs of Native Americans are distinguished by ... Free Essays on Natives Free Essays on Natives Native American religion penetrated every aspect of their culture. This makes it difficult for a predominantly white, European, secular society to interpret Native Indian spirituality. There is no single Native American religion, but rather as many religions as there are Indian peoples. Religion and ritual were a function of all activity: from the food quest and other survival-related work to technology, social and political organization, warfare and art. Religion and magic were fused with practical science; for example, prayer was used in conjunction with hunting and fishing techniques, and incantations accompanied effective herbal remedies in the curing of disease. I would like to elucidate on Native American views in relation to their religion. As stated by Lester Kurtz, â€Å"In a structurally differentiated society, every institution is given a specialized task; the task of religious institutions is to tend to spiritual and ethical issues† (167). Religion played a promine nt role in the interpretation of the universe for the American Indians. It facilitated in the adaptation of human activity to the patters of nature. Indians were traditionally a holistic and reverent people, viewing themselves as extensions of animate and inanimate natural objects.. In addition to this holism, other generalizations can be made in regard to Indian religion. Part of the special intimate relationship with nature involved a sense of kinship with the natural world and the attribution of innate souls and human properties to plants, animals, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. Indian religion generally also involved the belief that the universe is suffused with preternatural forces and powerful spirits. From what tribal populations already know, historians can conclude there are common characteristics that seem to be shared by all of the Native Americans. Although there are many points of contrast, the beliefs of Native Americans are distinguished by ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The intersection of S Stoughton Rd & E Buckeye Rd in Madison, Coursework

The intersection of S Stoughton Rd & E Buckeye Rd in Madison, Wisconsin - Coursework Example Stoughton Road features heavy traffic all through the daylight hours considering that a total of 23 out of the 33 reported crashes took place between 11 am and 5 pm (Madison Police Department 15). This intensive traffic volume, coupled with the speed limit tuning to 55 MPH, has made the traffic signals associated with this road section to be hazardous. A report by the Madison Police Station posited that a speed limit that tunes to 55 MPH is excessive for this road stretch and their research findings supported this opinion. In Addition, as per the authorities, the South Stoughton Road never featured in the top list because of any design flaw as per se. Instead, the intersection problem is attributed to the large number of cars that pass through it (Campbell and Chris 139). In another sphere some residents have attributed the crashes to the idea of some drivers just ignoring the need to pay attention. In certain occasions, the drivers have been sighted using their phones or engaging in some sort of distractive exercise thus fueling the number of crashes. Generally, there is an increasing number of crashes at the intersection already raises an alarm and increases risks of loss of more lives in Madison. As such, there is need to improve the current road design in order to end up with structures that can aid in guaranteeing a higher level of safety to individuals. One of the potential design alternatives would be to develop a modern circular roundabout at the intersection where traffic is flowing in a counter-clockwise direction around a central island. Unlike the current design, the proposed modern roundabout design would not only allow the traffic to flow freely without the need for stop controlled or signalized systems. Additionally, the drivers would have sufficient time to judge the traffic and adjust their speeds accordingly while approaching the roundabout. It is also worth noting that roundabout intersection designs are also

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Lab research 5.10 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research 5.10 - Lab Report Example Practical research will be used in this study. This type of research is the most effective type of research for it ensures that all aspects of the study are carried out. The advantage of this research is that the researcher has the ability to relate directly with the people in the area and this assists in getting more content for the research. This research is different from theoretical research since the researcher would just get information from people that have carried out extensive research on the region and as common with secondary research, it is open to bias and thus not a reliable source of information. Carrying out primary research provides critical information that secondary research may leave out (Chipev 85). Moreover, practical research addresses the issues facing the particular place at the time while secondary research may have outdated and unreliable research. The importance of carrying out this research is that very few people focus on animals in this region. Many people in the contemporary world either focus on plants and for those that pay attention to animals they focus on animals in dry lands and tropical regions (Chipev 103). Rarely do people research animals in the Antarctic region. Another reason for carrying out research in this region is that the researchers have the ability to offer the information that they acquire to the general public and environmentalists. The consequent of this is having people visiting the region and assisting in better conservation of the species. The length of the research is another issue that ought to receive concentration. An aspect that comes with this issue is the competency of the researcher. There are some researchers that are very poor at carrying out the required activities since they are not always after vital information but go out for the adventure while others just participate to earn money. Carrying out research on an animal is an activity that ought to take a considerable time. The

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Event Study - Using Econometrics Research Paper

Event Study - Using Econometrics - Research Paper Example (1996), who studied the relationship between dividend announcements and earnings, both of which appear simultaneously. As such, in practice, investment analysts who analyze long-term economic prospects are to be expected to inquire about information related to top management as well as changes in corporate strategy among other issues that are believed to have an impact on the company’s earnings (Denis, 1990; Marsh, 1993). These considerations are also very important in share trading decisions. One of the most anticipated types of regular returns on stocks are dividends. These are payments made by firms to their shareholders as a compensation for their capital. If dividend policy is frequently adjusted, then the variation in the stock prices would be expected to remain high. Variation in share prices occurs due to recurrent investors’ reactions ahead of important announcement by the companies, dividends announcement being among them. Such announcements are floated throug h the stock exchanges as well as made through annual reports for the purpose of reaching the investors. Nevertheless, some companies release crucial information through the press release even before they publish them in the annual reports, if the need arises. Furthermore, there are other mediums that transmit information to the investors in effect changing the prices of the stocks. Some of the announcement that may influence prices of shares include new product launch, management changeover, changes of government policies, starting and shutting down of projects, mergers and acquisitions, political changes, downsizing of firms, as well as the announcement of dividend, which is the focus of this study. The prices of stocks tend to change immediately the news hinting about these changes is received by the investors. The relevance of dividend announcements is a subject of considerable interest for many researchers in the field of finance. This subject has ignited considerable controvers y, considering the impact dividends announcement have before and after their announcement. This study builds upon different dividend literature by looking at the impact of dividend announcements for a multiple of firms that are listed in UK stock markets. The study will use an event study approach to examine abnormal returns for a total of 50 firms, which is potentially caused by the announcement of dividends for 21 days spreading between July 2012 and August 2012. The results indicate that the announcement of dividends that is accompanied with good news is received positively by investors; hence, more rate of increase of abnormal returns are experienced after the announcement. The results of this study also indicate that firms should be more prudent when making dividend policies as they have significant economic implications. This paper looks at the reactions of markets following a blend of dividend announcement by companies from the UK. These announcements are pointers that are or iginated by the managers of different companies in conditions of economic uncertainty, a scenario that is accompanied by varied investors interpretations and informational asymmetry. This study will be in accordance with the principles adopted in any empirical studies that investigate the impacts of share prices in relation to changes in dividends (for example, Charest 1978; Eades et al., 1985). Literature Review From the study of Ghosh and Woolridge (1988), it has been established that markets can

Friday, November 15, 2019

Effects of Social Media on Young People

Effects of Social Media on Young People In modern life, social media is developing fast. It is used by many people all over the world. Social media is especially very popular among the young. However, there are many young people who cannot control themselves and are addicted to social media. Addiction to social media has many serious effects, including poor study habits, living away from reality and bad health. First, addiction to social media makes the youth have bad grades in studies. Because of social media, many students who were excellent students have become bad students. Every day, these students come to class, but they do not focus on studying. While their professors are teaching, they are using cellphones to surf Facebook, Instagram or chat with friends on Messenger. They always check their cellphones every five minutes to see what is going on on social media. If the young use social media in classes, how can they listen to the professors and understand what professors are saying? Moreover, not only at school but also at home these young students who are addicted to social media do not do exercise or read the new lesson before going to school, because they are busy with social media. For example, Khanh, a young girl from Vietnam, is addicted to social media. In the past, she was a hard-working student. She always did all homework and prepared for new lessons, so she got A grades. H owever, everything has changed since she started using social media too much. In classes, instead of listening to the professor, she always posts selfies on Facebook and Instagram. At home, with the attraction of social media, she continues using her cellphone and does not study or do assignments. As a result, in the mid-term exam and final exam, she only got C and D grades. Addiction to social media causes a bad habit in studies. It can change a young person from an excellent student to a bad one. Secondly, young people who are addicted to social media can live far away from reality. Because of using a cell phone all day, they will not have time for outdoor activities such as playing sports or camping. Instead of going out to meet friends or talk to their parents, these people love chatting with friends on social media. They will just stay at home and update their news on social media. They post status or photos to share with their friends on social media. Gradually, they will only live in a virtual world. Amanda, a teenager in America, is a clear example. When her mother bought her a cell phone for her 18th birthday, she became a person addicted to social media. She did not go swimming with her friends during weekends. She rarely talked with her parents. During family vacation, she always took photos of food and places she visited and notified her friends on Facebook or Instagram. Now, she posts her feeling status with a photo on social media everyday. Her life is updated fre quently on social media. Social media is regarded as the world she lives in, the world in which we only communicate through icons, comments and likes. And last but not least, using social media too much will have a serious impact on health. Because the young are addicted to social media, they will go to bed late to read news on Facebook or chat with friends. Staying up late is really harmful to the health, especially, the brain. If the young do not sleep enough, their health will be affected seriously by losing weight or always feeling tired. Their brains also will not work effectively and they will be in sleepy condition. Moreover, addiction to social media can cause depression in the young. When the young use social media, they will see other people on social media. If the young see other people who are better than them in appearance or talent, they can feel inferior. These young people can envy the people who are more famous or intelligent than them, and they also feel ashamed of themselves. They always wonder why they cannot be excellent, talented or beautiful like others. Therefore, they feel under pressure, stressed and depre ssed. These mental problems are very dangerous to the young people because these mental problems cause the young people lose their minds and eventually, choose death. In conclusion, although using social media has many benefits in our lives, addiction to social media is not good. It will have awful influences on studying, make us live way from reality and have bad effects on health. In order to avoid being addicted to social media, young people should spend more time playing sports, studying and taking part in activities in schools.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Duties Of A Secretary :: essays research papers

The Duties of A Secretary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we enter a law office the first individual we meet is the legal secretary. She is the one withe responsibility for the correspondence, records, and other affairs of a.law office. The word â€Å"secretary† reflects its Latin root secretum (secret), which originally referred to a person who acted as a confidant, and handled matters of a private nature for his principal. The executive position or executive secretary is one of major responsibility in business or government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First responsibility of a legal secretary each day is open, read, and note all mail received that day. It is Important in a law office. The mail often includes legal documents crucial to a certain case that day. She must be familiar with all standard forms used in the office. Affidavits, bills of sale, deeds, leases, mortgages, powers of attorney, propositions, and wills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tape Shorthand theory means the writing down of dictation from an employer, and then transcribing the material onto sheets with the aid of earphones and computer. Every secretary is required to have a skill speed of 80 WPM before graduating, also when taking the civil service exan. In some offices the dictation is seized by one secretary while the typing is completed by another. Usually larger offices hire clerk typist. It is important that secretaries are capable of reading each others shorthand notes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every legal secretary works with computers, duplicators, stencil machines, but the dictaphone is usually the most frequently utilized. Information must be transcribed quickly, and accurately in attractive form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Filing systems are important to any secretary. The files at any office must be maintained in perfect order, so that any file may be located promptly by any person authorized to use the files. General secretaries often work inside an organization where company records are maintained by special file clerks inside a central filing room, but the secretary may still remain responsible for all the filing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A secretary must learn the rules of four basic filing systems. The alphabetic, subject, geographic, and numeric systems. Also the vertical files, card files, and open shelf files. Files for audimated data pocessing are required by many firms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two remaining basic skills of general and legal secretaries are: Receptionist, trained to meet and route visitors, customers, salesmen, and handle nuisance calls. They greet all visiters with the â€Å"red carpet treatment† by treating them with royalty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The well-trained secretary who is able to accept responsibilies who is able to relieve her employer of many management duties is a real valuable employee to any company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I studied the secretarial course at BOCES for two years. I understand the responsibilities of a secretary.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Parent-Child Relationship

The topic I have choose for my paper is that of relationship between parents and children. Some of the points that I will be discussing are child abuse, child neglect and how it can affect a child and the relationship with the parents. A parent-child relationship is a special relationship that has a huge effect on the way that the child will turn out. This relationship is formed through pregnancy, adoption, and step parenting. Parenting requires a great deal of adaptation. The parents want to develop a strong bond with their child but they also want to maintain a healthy marital relationship and adult friendships. Potential parents often ask themselves what they will be like when they are parents and try to recall some experiences when they were children. Mothers are the primary caretakers of the children. The fathers have had minimal care taking responsibilities. Many women, if they had a career before hand, have to give it up to stay at home with the child. Although, many fathers where the wives must work become important in the process of care taking because their role must increase to their children. Studies of human fathers and their infants confirm that many fathers can act sensitively with their infant (according to Parke & Sawin, 1980) and their infants form attachments to both their mothers and fathers at roughly the same age (according to Lamb, 1977). A number of studies have been done on the caretaker’s effects on the child and suggests that the effects may have been caused by child’s behavior as much as by the caretaker’s (according to Bell 1979). The child’s aggression level can be affected by the parent’s authoritarian discipline. â€Å"Parents differ widely in sensing the needs of their infants. Some parents are able to quickly notice their child’s moods and periods of distress, this is called synchrony, and they then comfort their child’s needs. Another way that parents react may be slow or they may not even notice a need for action. That is called asynchrony†(according to Schaffer, 1977). In 1978 a group of researchers in infant development at the University of Wisconsin demonstrated that mothers’ synchrony with their infants’ needs prompts physiological responses. The infant’s temperament may partially stem from the way in which the mother handles the child. The child is affected by the way that they are treated even when they are infants. Frank Perderson and his colleagues in 1977 conducted research on what the link was between spouse relationship and parent-infant relationship. â€Å"Perderson and his colleagues believed that the three units of interaction (mother-father, mother-child, father-child) are interrelated† (according to Perderson 1977). This showed that when the wife and husband showed positive interaction towards each other (smiling and affection) they then would show their infant affection. When there was negative interaction between the wife and husband (verbal critic and blame) it was strongly linked to negative affection shown to the infant by the father. A form of negative interaction by a parent with their child is child neglect. Child neglect is when the parent of the child fails to meet the child’s basic physical or psychological needs. Child neglect is the most common and most destructive form of child maltreatment. Child Neglect can occur in any family, rich or poor, but neglectful parents tend to have little education, money, few friends, and many children. Neglect can take many forms, such as inadequate clothing, shelter, or medical care. The three most harmful forms of child neglect are inadequate food (nutrition), safety and love. (According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology) Inadequate Food (nutrition): This is the most basic form of physical neglect. In North America more infants die starving to death then dieing by brutality. Improper feeding doesn’t just have to be starving to death, it can also what the child eats and what the parents allow their child to eat. Feeding a child improperly may also result in obesity, which can cause severe damage of a child’s ego in middle childhood. Safety: Inadequate supervision and precaution are examples of child neglect, and are present in ninety percent (90%) of the serious accidents that happen to children. â€Å"In North America more children die of accidents than the next six causes of childhood death combined† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). This is not to say that parental neglect is the only causes of childhood accidents Love: Older children are able to meet their own needs for nourishment and safety. Every child, no matter what their age, needs the love of their parents. Like John Lennon of the Beatles said â€Å" All you need is love†. Although parents may meet their child’s physical needs but miss their psychological needs. Parental love takes on different forms. â€Å"The first year one-on-one interaction with a caretaker is important. The second year encouragement of exploration and language is vital. In early childhood cognitive development should be simulated. In middle childhood school achievement and friendships should be fostered. In adolescence growing independence must be balanced by continued evidence of parental concern† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Baucum). It is the parents’ job to supply those materials until the child is grown and is capable to supply himself/herself with these materials of life. Love has to always be present by the parents even until their dying days. Another form of negative interaction between a parents and their child is child abuse. â€Å"Child Abuse is defined as the non accidental injury of children by their parent or guardian† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Vacuum). Child abuse can be either mental or physical. The way Americans approach child abuse has followed the shifting history of social values and attitudes toward children. Child abuse is a big obstacle in the relationship between a parent and their child. Child abuse is a major form of negative interaction between a parents and their child. Sexual abuse is in it’s own separate area which deserves attention in it’s own right. Sexual abuse can take place with or without other physical abuse or neglect. The majority of physical abuse requires no medical treatment and fewer that one percent (1%) receive fatal injuries. â€Å"Studies find boys to be more frequently abused physically than girls until adolescence, then with the inclusion of sexual abuse, girls are more frequently abused† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). Most parents who abuse their child carry no serious psychiatric diagnosis, but they do often have difficulty with social relationships. The parents also have a problem with controlling their temper and impulsive behavior, which becomes violent. Most of these parents don’t experience considerable stress from their environment, but have difficulty dealing with stress through appropriate behavior. Negative interaction in the parent/child relationship can cause behavior disorders in the child. Alcoholism, hostility, cruelty, neglect, overprotection of the child or excessive ambitions for the child are disruptive actions that may lead to behavior disorders. Child psychiatry is a way to help the problems in the relationship between the parent/child. Children watch their parents closely and are sensitive to their moods and actions. They are like this because they know that their care and well being rest solely in the hands of their parents. The key relationship in any two-part family is the parental relationship. Children’s knowledge of how they are supposed to treat each other, is reflected mainly upon their observations of how their parents treat each other and other people. Parent/child relationship is important because they provide the main context in how they are to be social. The parent/child relationship is important because it allows the child to learn from his/her parents. Good, loving parents will help to develop a better child. A good relationship will allow for good friendships later in life and also a good upbringing. Parent-Child Relationship The topic I have choose for my paper is that of relationship between parents and children. Some of the points that I will be discussing are child abuse, child neglect and how it can affect a child and the relationship with the parents. A parent-child relationship is a special relationship that has a huge effect on the way that the child will turn out. This relationship is formed through pregnancy, adoption, and step parenting. Parenting requires a great deal of adaptation. The parents want to develop a strong bond with their child but they also want to maintain a healthy marital relationship and adult friendships. Potential parents often ask themselves what they will be like when they are parents and try to recall some experiences when they were children. Mothers are the primary caretakers of the children. The fathers have had minimal care taking responsibilities. Many women, if they had a career before hand, have to give it up to stay at home with the child. Although, many fathers where the wives must work become important in the process of care taking because their role must increase to their children. Studies of human fathers and their infants confirm that many fathers can act sensitively with their infant (according to Parke & Sawin, 1980) and their infants form attachments to both their mothers and fathers at roughly the same age (according to Lamb, 1977). A number of studies have been done on the caretaker’s effects on the child and suggests that the effects may have been caused by child’s behavior as much as by the caretaker’s (according to Bell 1979). The child’s aggression level can be affected by the parent’s authoritarian discipline. â€Å"Parents differ widely in sensing the needs of their infants. Some parents are able to quickly notice their child’s moods and periods of distress, this is called synchrony, and they then comfort their child’s needs. Another way that parents react may be slow or they may not even notice a need for action. That is called asynchrony†(according to Schaffer, 1977). In 1978 a group of researchers in infant development at the University of Wisconsin demonstrated that mothers’ synchrony with their infants’ needs prompts physiological responses. The infant’s temperament may partially stem from the way in which the mother handles the child. The child is affected by the way that they are treated even when they are infants. Frank Perderson and his colleagues in 1977 conducted research on what the link was between spouse relationship and parent-infant relationship. â€Å"Perderson and his colleagues believed that the three units of interaction (mother-father, mother-child, father-child) are interrelated† (according to Perderson 1977). This showed that when the wife and husband showed positive interaction towards each other (smiling and affection) they then would show their infant affection. When there was negative interaction between the wife and husband (verbal critic and blame) it was strongly linked to negative affection shown to the infant by the father. A form of negative interaction by a parent with their child is child neglect. Child neglect is when the parent of the child fails to meet the child’s basic physical or psychological needs. Child neglect is the most common and most destructive form of child maltreatment. Child Neglect can occur in any family, rich or poor, but neglectful parents tend to have little education, money, few friends, and many children. Neglect can take many forms, such as inadequate clothing, shelter, or medical care. The three most harmful forms of child neglect are inadequate food (nutrition), safety and love. (According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology) Inadequate Food (nutrition): This is the most basic form of physical neglect. In North America more infants die starving to death then dieing by brutality. Improper feeding doesn’t just have to be starving to death, it can also what the child eats and what the parents allow their child to eat. Feeding a child improperly may also result in obesity, which can cause severe damage of a child’s ego in middle childhood. Safety: Inadequate supervision and precaution are examples of child neglect, and are present in ninety percent (90%) of the serious accidents that happen to children. â€Å"In North America more children die of accidents than the next six causes of childhood death combined† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). This is not to say that parental neglect is the only causes of childhood accidents Love: Older children are able to meet their own needs for nourishment and safety. Every child, no matter what their age, needs the love of their parents. Like John Lennon of the Beatles said â€Å" All you need is love†. Although parents may meet their child’s physical needs but miss their psychological needs. Parental love takes on different forms. â€Å"The first year one-on-one interaction with a caretaker is important. The second year encouragement of exploration and language is vital. In early childhood cognitive development should be simulated. In middle childhood school achievement and friendships should be fostered. In adolescence growing independence must be balanced by continued evidence of parental concern† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Baucum). It is the parents’ job to supply those materials until the child is grown and is capable to supply himself/herself with these materials of life. Love has to always be present by the parents even until their dying days. Another form of negative interaction between a parents and their child is child abuse. â€Å"Child Abuse is defined as the non accidental injury of children by their parent or guardian† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Vacuum). Child abuse can be either mental or physical. The way Americans approach child abuse has followed the shifting history of social values and attitudes toward children. Child abuse is a big obstacle in the relationship between a parent and their child. Child abuse is a major form of negative interaction between a parents and their child. Sexual abuse is in it’s own separate area which deserves attention in it’s own right. Sexual abuse can take place with or without other physical abuse or neglect. The majority of physical abuse requires no medical treatment and fewer that one percent (1%) receive fatal injuries. â€Å"Studies find boys to be more frequently abused physically than girls until adolescence, then with the inclusion of sexual abuse, girls are more frequently abused† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). Most parents who abuse their child carry no serious psychiatric diagnosis, but they do often have difficulty with social relationships. The parents also have a problem with controlling their temper and impulsive behavior, which becomes violent. Most of these parents don’t experience considerable stress from their environment, but have difficulty dealing with stress through appropriate behavior. Negative interaction in the parent/child relationship can cause behavior disorders in the child. Alcoholism, hostility, cruelty, neglect, overprotection of the child or excessive ambitions for the child are disruptive actions that may lead to behavior disorders. Child psychiatry is a way to help the problems in the relationship between the parent/child. Children watch their parents closely and are sensitive to their moods and actions. They are like this because they know that their care and well being rest solely in the hands of their parents. The key relationship in any two-part family is the parental relationship. Children’s knowledge of how they are supposed to treat each other, is reflected mainly upon their observations of how their parents treat each other and other people. Parent/child relationship is important because they provide the main context in how they are to be social. The parent/child relationship is important because it allows the child to learn from his/her parents. Good, loving parents will help to develop a better child. A good relationship will allow for good friendships later in life and also a good upbringing.

Friday, November 8, 2019

11 Motivational Quotes For When You Are Job Seeking

11 Motivational Quotes For When You Are Job Seeking Looking for a job is often a long and challenging process. One of the most difficult things about it is staying motivated when it just seems like you have spent hours formatting one line on your resume or sending out another cover letter. But it is important to remember that it takes a lot of work to find a good job, let alone one that is right for you and your career direction. When you are down, say some of these to yourself: 1. Live life as if everything is rigged in your favor. – Rumi  2. There is no hierarchy expect quality. – Arianna Huffington  3. Schedule your creative time. – John Legend  4. Nothing kills creativity more than stress. – Arianna Huffington  5. There is only one way to avoid criticism: Do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing. – Aristotle  6. The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person who is doing it. – Chinese Proverb  7. We become what we think about. – Earl Nightingale   8. If you’re going through hell, keep going. – Winston Churchill  9. Good things come to people who wait, but better things come to those who go out and get them. – Unknown  10. Self expression is the new form of entertainment   11. Okay, the trampoline was a bad idea. But you know what? At least I’m out there trying new things. – Homer Simpson

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Experiential Learning Theory The WritePass Journal

Experiential Learning Theory Experiential Learning Theory IntroductionDescription of a case from my teachingLearning theory applicable to my teaching caseExperiential Learning Theory (Kolb)Principles of Experiential Learning:Four Stages of Kolb’s Learning CycleConcrete experience:Reflective observation:Abstract conceptualization:Active experimentation:Four Types of Learning Styles (Kolb, 1976)AssimilatorsConvergers   AccommodatorsDivergersRelevance of KOLB Learning theorY TO MY CASEConcrete Experience:Reflection: Abstract Conceptualisation:Active Experimentation:Some Practical Difficulties and Potential ImprovementsReferencesRelated Introduction It is difficult to define learning but I understand from my teachers that it is the acquisition of knowledge and skills from instructions or studies. The teachers have an inclination and desire to help our learners acquire, maintain or develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes that they need in the context of their everyday work (Mann 2002). According to Knowles, learning is broadly defined as the occurrence of change in a person with regards to behaviour, skills, knowledge and attitude. (Knowles 2005).    Description of a case from my teaching This was an intra-operative training for a Core Medical Trainee doctor (CT Doctor) in the reconstruction of tissue defect using a local skin flap. The trainee had never done this procedure before independently but had seen similar procedures being done and is regularly seeing the postoperative results of cases operated by me and other colleagues in the out patient follow up clinics. The aim of this teaching was a one to one surgical skill teaching of how to do a rhomboid flap, which is a transposition flap to reconstruct the defect following excision of a lesion. Though it was a teaching of an operative technique, it involved three stages namely pre-operative planning, per-operative practical procedure and post-operative documentation and reflection on the performance. The student usually is required to have preliminary prior knowledge about the skin anatomy including the components of flaps, blood circulation and different types of flap configurations based on the design (transposition, rotation and advancement flaps). The student is taught about the preparation on the operating table, draping the operation site, observing all aseptic precautions, removal of the skin lesion (this part is done me in this teaching session), planning of the flap, raising the flap, insetting the flap to fill the defect, suturing the flap and donor site, applying the dressing, documentation of operation notes, reflection on the performance and agreeing on what changes needed to improve the performance next time. Learning theory applicable to my teaching case Experiential Learning Theory (Kolb) The experiential learning theory was developed by Kolb emphasizing the importance of experience in the learning process and based his theory on the work of Dewey, Lewin and Piaget (Kolb 1984). Kolb offers a working definition of learning as â€Å"a process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience† and emphasizes the importance of adaptation, as knowledge is not static but changing, as we learn and relearn through the process of ongoing experience which changes the practice. Kolb built this upon six propositions (Kolb 1984): Learning is best conceived as a process, not in terms of outcomes    Learning is a continuous process grounded in experience    The process of learning requires the resolution of conflicts between dialectically opposed modes of adaptation to the world    Learning is an holistic process of adaptation to the world    Learning results from synergistic transactions between the person and the environment    Learning is a process of creating knowledge Principles of Experiential Learning: Learning occurs best when people learn through their own experiences and from the reflections of their own experiences rather than through lectures and theories to generate knowledge and skills. In learning what the learners do is more important rather than what they know Experiential learning makes the learners’ behaviour and attitudes explicit so that they can be assessed to construct it better for the future experiences. It is not just sufficient to teach the learner what to do but they need to be actually shown how to do and also how to improve it. The cyclical learning offers the learners continuous improvement by repeating the learning wheel over and over. Continuous use of the experiential learning cycle guides individuals and groups or teams towards improved performance and high quality outcomes. Experiential learning is not just about acquiring knowledge and skills but generating experience in the learner to discover what it is like, how it made them feel and what it meant to them, which in turn is the key to generating greater skills. The new experiences not only generate new ideas but also dispose of or modify the old ones. Experiential learning gives importance to the key aspect of learning which is to achieve change in behaviour and attitude by the holistic approach of addressing cognitive, emotional and the physical aspect of the learner. Many learners feel experiential learning process gives a sense of satisfaction, reward or gift because of its value is appreciated by the learner as a vital learning tool Kolb developed a cyclical learning process consisting of four stages (abilities): Concrete experience (abilities)    â€Å"Doing something† Reflective observation (abilities)    â€Å"Observing and reflecting on the action† Abstract conceptualization (abilities) â€Å"Thinking and finding where the action fits in with theory† Active experimentation (abilities) â€Å"Planning to implement the idea to solve actual problems The learning can begin at any of the four stages (Kolb Fry 1975) but needs to go through all four stages to complete and progress further for learning to continue. Kolb and Fry developed four types of learning styles people use and they can be placed between concrete experience and abstract conceptualization; and active experimentation and reflective observation as shown below: Four Stages of Kolb’s Learning Cycle Concrete experience: The learner performs an activity and gains experience. The activity can be a demonstration, a case study or learning a skill such as assisting an operation or performing an operation under supervision. The learner links this awareness or experience with his prior knowledge or experience resulting in a new experience or knowledge and this forms a basis for future experience. Reflective observation: The learner reflects upon the performance as a self-reflection, with that of the observer who is usually the teacher or from a small group in the form of discussion or constructive criticism. This is very important for the learner to link in with his prior knowledge and experience and move forward.    Abstract conceptualization: The learner develops a concept or theory from the knowledge gained through this experience and makes some plans to alter or change his future practice. Active experimentation: At this stage the learner puts into practice of the lessons learnt from this experience to experiment the solutions to improve the new experiential cycle. Four Types of Learning Styles (Kolb, 1976) Assimilators (Abstract conceptualisation reflective observation): This group has a strong ability to learn better when provided with sound logical theories to practice and reflect. They are concerned with abstract concepts than people. Convergers   (Abstract conceptualisation active experimentation): This group learn better when exposed to practical applications of concepts and theories. They are focussed on solving specific problems by reasoning. Accommodators (Concrete experience active experimentation): Their greatest strength is doing things and learn better when given opportunity to have â€Å"hands-on† experiences. They perform well when required to react to immediate circumstances Divergers (Concrete experience reflective observation): This group is strong in imaginative ability and are good at generating ideas and seeing things from different perspectives. They are interested in people. Though there are different predominant styles of learning in each learner, there is considerable overlap and mixture of different situations that is likely to complement the learning. Kolb’s model provides an invaluable practical framework for designing experiential learning for adults. Relevance of KOLB Learning theorY TO MY CASE Concrete Experience: The CT doctor started from the stage of concrete experience when the flap procedure was planned. He has seen me doing the flap procedure before and he has also assisted me to perform this procedure before. We had discussion pre-operatively, which triggered his pre-existing knowledge about the flap and his prior knowledge of anatomy, technique of flap elevation, insetting, and suturing in place. This is followed by the operative procedure done by him and I assisted him. This practical experience imparted new level of understanding to him and assimilated with his prior knowledge. Reflection: After the completion of the operation and documentation, we had time to reflect on this new experience and consolidate the experience with the prior knowledge to form a new knowledge.   During the discussion, I have acknowledged the good points and both have agreed the importance of tissue handling, suture placements in relation to tissue planes and the need to trim off the excess bulky tissues in the flap to fill the defect better. Abstract Conceptualisation: As a result of above discussion and feedback, we have identified areas for improvement as mentioned above for the transposition flap. We have agreed that I will assist him again in another similar case when he can apply those principles during the procedure. I also introduced the concept of rotation flap and advancement flap as in some cases, after removal of lesion and creating the defect, it is not always possible to perform transposition flap. The learner has some prior theoretical knowledge about the configuration and surgical technique of rotation and advancement flaps. I gave further guidance regarding reading materials – flap books and specific articles. This fine-tuning has helped in preparing the learner for active experimentation in a new cycle. Active Experimentation: After two weeks, the learner developed further reading related to the new concepts following the above discussion and attended my skin cancer clinics. We selected two cases needing operation to remove the lesion and reconstruction using local flaps. We applied his knowledge and prior experience to formulate the new treatment plan to carry out very soon. This has prepared him for the new encounter of active experimentation stage described by Kolb. Some Practical Difficulties and Potential Improvements I have come across problems and difficulties during the flap teaching sessions and I have enumerated them with the possible solutions, which I hope will improve my future teaching and make it more beneficial to the trainee and safer to the patients. Reflection of the learners with that of teachers’ observation is an important part of this learning cycle. Problem: The operative technique teaching of the flap to cover a tissue defect is mostly done under local anaesthesia with the patient awake. It is not always easy to talk all the aspects explicitly during the procedure. How to overcome it: One of the options would be to plan the first cycle of operative learning in patient who wanted the procedure under general anaesthesia. Problem: In some instances we have missed out this session of reflection due to lack of time, busy operating list and the learner had to attend ward patients or dressing clinic patients. How to overcome it: I need to plan this teaching session when the learner has a protected time to attend my appropriate theatre session. In cases of unforeseen circumstances causing this, I instruct the learner to write down his thoughts of reflection of the session and send it by email which will enable me give my impressions to him personally at a mutually agreeable time to move forward with an agreed plan for future experiences. The other option is to hand over the further continuity of learning to another colleague. Problem: Quite often Core Trainees in Plastic Surgery do not attend the Dressing Clinic to see the post-operative results when the patient returns for the suture removal and they also miss the opportunity when the patient returns to out patient clinic subsequently for pathology results. Reviewing the patients on these two occasions is equally important to complete the learning process. How to overcome it: I have started including in the post-operative instruction to call that particular Trainee doctor (for specific cases) when the patient returns for suture removal. Another option is to book the patient into my dressing clinic session and encourage the learner to attend. I also inform the trainee that the assessment form will be completed after he has seen the patients’ post-operative result. This is an incentive for them to attend the clinic. Problem: Kolb cycle may be difficult to apply to all trainees and there are some cultural differences the way the trainees are trained, for example trainees from Indian subcontinent or from Europe. How to overcome it: I will use spiral method of learning proposed by Dewey in this type of surgical technique teaching so that the learner follows it through the spirals to modify and improve the quality of outcome performance. I would also incorporate four-stage process of teaching in theatre (Walker Peyton, 1998) as part of the Kolb cycle depending on the pre-existing experience of the learner. Stage I involves my demonstration of the normal procedure at normal speed. In stage II, I will carry out the procedure again with full explanation and trainee is encouraged to ask questions. I perform the procedure for a third time during the III stage with trainee describing the steps, being questioned on key issues and providing any necessary correction. This stage continues until I am satisfied that the trainee fully understands the procedure. Now we move on to the final stage when the trainee carries out the procedure under close supervision, describing each step before it is undertaken . Thus this drilling of four-stage surgical skill development is followed by repetition to increase the confidence and further practicing of the skills to master it to apply in different situations. I will employ flexibility as to where to start the training depending on the individual trainees’ abilities and their prior knowledge and experience. Here is a framework I plan to use for the future flap teaching sessions:       References    Mann K V. (2002) Thinking about learning: Implications for Principle-Based Professional Education, The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 22: 69-76 Knowles M S, Holton E F, Swanson R A. (2005) What is Learning, The Adult Learner, Elsevier, Burlington, MA Kolb D A. (1984) Experiential Learning, Experience as the source of Learning and Development, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Kolb D A. (1976) The Learning Style Inventory: Technical Manual, Boston, Ma.: McBer. Kolb D A. (1981) Learning styles and disciplinary differences. in A. W. Chickering (ed.) The Modern American College, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Kolb D A, Fry R. (1975) Toward an applied theory of experiential learning;, in C. Cooper (ed.) Theories of Group Process, London: John Wiley. Walker M, Peyton R. (1998) Teaching in the Theatre, Teaching and learning in medical practice, Manticore Europe, Pages 171-180

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Chippewas in the Early Twentieth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chippewas in the Early Twentieth Century - Essay Example view of civilization into the American white mainstream assimilation. The Chippewa in twentieth century Indians’ experience in the reservations Reservation has been a fundamental feature in the Indian-American history during two centuries; for some Indians, it is a reminder of Euro-American colonialism where indigenous Americans were subjected to small camps and their lands taken away. The guiding principle for the reservation of indigenous people was that the American whites felt that they possessed the original right to that land and that indigenous people were to obtain it either through purchase or negotiations to form treaties and agreements. The federal government also used military force, conquest and discovery concept in order to incorporate indigenous groups into camps and, therefore, into the national fold.3 Reservations were recognized by the laws and in 1775, Indian affairs department was formed to deal with issues of Indians in the reserves. After the independence , a national policy of administration of Indians was adopted and this gave congress powers to trade, treaties, warfare over the Indians and then right to take away land of Indians. With those powers and privileges, the congress in 1778 formed Indian reservations through treaty/statute confining Indian tribes in specific boundaries.4 In the period of 1828-1838, over 90,000 Native Americans were forced to move to west of Mississippi river and gave the abandoned land to its white citizens. The native tribes (Indians) suffered population decrease since the federal government used force to relocate them, the small tribal governments they had were disrupted and as they tried to form tribal government in places where they settled, they were weakened. In 1916, the Chippewa were given Rocky boy Indian reservation, a large military reservation and portion of the Fort Assiniboine; while in the early twentieth century, they traded with the army officers and had no land since they had been displ aced by the white Americans. The reason behind the reservation of the Indian tribes was in two dimensions; the resources of the Native Americans could be exploited and at a minimum cost, and the reservations were a test of social engineering that were seen as a refuge institution for the endangered race and through it, they can be uplifted by assimilation and, indeed, the office of Indians established by congress promoted assimilation and breaking the notion of salvage life to civilized values through insisting on education, agricultural labor and development of finances, with this, the government perceived reservations as a controlled method of civilization through an agent (Indian office), thus, it was sanctioned.5 Some laws were made just for the

Friday, November 1, 2019

Labor Party in America Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor Party in America - Case Study Example Three significant factors can be defined in order to explain the issue: a) repression level; b) religion; c) more strict communist position. It is a fact that in the United States labor movement has more severe communist principles. The level of repression in the United States is higher and the issues connected with religion are recognized as very important because in America religion plays a very important role for everybody choosing what party to adhere to. A great number of American citizens refused from being members of trade unions, because it is very important for many of them to be a Democrat or a Republican. The active popularization of human rights also explains why Americans are inclined to accept socialist principles and leave trade unions. Trottier states: In the 1990s, there was the beginning of a labor party in the US, but the vast majority of the unions in this country refused to break with the Democrats and Republicans and join this party. Even a few of the unions who supported the Labor Party also continued their support of some Democrats. The Labor Party could have played an educational role in developing a future mass labor party. It would have needed to organize rallies, mass meetings and run at least some candidates in a few elections. The fact that it did not do this led many people to drop out as they could not see it developing further (Trottier, 2009). Does America need labor party' A great number of American employees, who were on the side of Democrats, when the elections were held, now are not satisfied with their activity and with the absence of any positive changes. Now many people are inclined to build a labor party. They see it including trade unions with the rights to vote (Yates, 1998). The party will have local representations and special representation for young people who study or can't find job. The supporters are sure that there will be no lack of members because in the current political situation there are many people who can't find job or are afraid to be fired. Also there is a great number of Americans who want to stop wars abroad and bring American troops back home. Moreover, there are many former unions' members. Trottier states: We see the struggle to change the union leadership's policies of supporting the big business political parties as part of a struggle for more democratic unions that will the fight against give-backs to the boss and use more militant tactics to win strike battles. The Workers International League works with any and all who struggle for these changes in the unions. We also bring the issue of the need for a mass labor party to other campaigns such as the immigrants' rights and anti-war movements (Trottier, 2009). Conclusion The conclusion can be made that there are no relevant reasons or factors in the United States, which would not allow to have labor party. In the current political situation, when employment rates are getting higher, there is a question asked by many American citizens: does America need labor party founded on trade unions' Dissatisfied with the current polit